ISPs can presumably correlate the Google query string with the request following the response to the goto and so make a search index? I guess they would charge too much.
Do any large ISPs use visit data to feed into a search index?
Unless you're using DNS over HTTPS they can see the unencrypted DNS traffic.
There's also Encrypted Client Hello, but they can also see which IP you're connecting to.
Also if the domain responds on the bare IP or there's nothing else they've seen on that IP it's a fair assumption. This is without even wondering if their router sends telemetry
Do any large ISPs use visit data to feed into a search index?